Billie Hughes will share how patterns emerge when we study pairs and sets of inclusion photomicrographs.

Color types such as "pigeon's blood," "cobalt blue" and "Santa Maria" are wildly popular, but also wildly inconsistent.

Color types such as "pigeon's blood," "cobalt blue" and "Santa Maria" are wildly popular, but also wildly inconsistent.

Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review key gemological features of Madagascar sapphire and how to detect heat treatment of this material.

Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified.

Richard Hughes examines the nomenclature of jade, along with the remarkable renaissance in Chinese jade carving that has occured since the 1990s.

Lotus Gemology's Billie Hughes takes participants on a journey to the fascinating inner world of gems.

Billie Hughes and Ann Lee take the audience on a journey through the world of rubies.

Billie Hughes & Wim Vertriest report the results from their low-temperature heat treatment experiments on Burmese ruby.

Lotus Gemology's Billie Hughes takes participants on a journey to the fascinating inner world of gems.

Richard Hughes examines the nomenclature of jade, along with the remarkable renaissance in Chinese jade carving that has occured since the 1990s.

Richard Hughes examines the historical sources of jade, along with the remarkable renaissance in Chinese jade carving that has occured since the 1990s.

Lotus Gemology's Billie Hughes takes participants on a journey to the fascinating inner world of gems.

Richard Hughes examines the nomenclature of jade, along with the remarkable renaissance in Chinese jade carving that has occured since the 1990s.

Lotus Gemology's E. Billie Hughes will review the major treatments of ruby and sapphire and how they can be identified.