gems, jade, China, archaic jade, ancient China, nephrite, ampibole jade, Hongshan culture

Xu Qiang, born in 1946 in Yexian, Shandong Province, is a Chinese jade collector with over 1,600 pieces in his collection. He has dedicated more than two decades to the study and appreciation of ancient Chinese jade artifacts, particularly those from the Hongshan Culture, and has developed unique theories and perspectives in this field.