gems, beryl, goshenite, Pakistan

In recent years, the discovery of major emerald deposits in the Swat Valley and ruby in the rugged Hunza Valley has positioned Pakistan as both a gemstone producer and potential market leader. The country now yields a wide variety of gemstones, including emerald, ruby, spinel, topaz, aquamarine, chrome diopside, kunzite, garnet, chrome-tourmaline, and quartz, along with ornamental stones such as agate, chalcedony, jasper, sodalite, serpentine, turquoise, and nephrite. Among these, some of the finest emeralds originate from Swat, located in the foothills of the Hindu Kush range. The Gemstone Corporation of Pakistan, established in February 1979, has resumed operations to support the development of this growing sector. The article also discusses ruby, spinel, topaz, aquamarine, chrome diopside, kunzite, garnet, chrome tourmaline, quartz and ornamental gems.