gems, opal, Turkey, Simav

The characteristics of opals with various colours found in rhyolitic volcanic rocks from Simav district (west Anatolia, Turkey) were studied by optical, X-ray, thermoanalytical and infrared-absorption methods and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Four different silica polymorphs were distinguished. These are massy opal-CT found as nodules, prismatic trydimite crystals found in geodes with opal-CT, fibrous opal-C as spherulites and authigenic microcrystalline quartz found in the voids, fractures and matrix of the rhyolites. Opal-CT which is known as Simav's fire opal" has high water content related to its fractured and disordered microstructure. The colour variation of massy opal-CT is due to its structural states and changes in its composition. Simav's opals were precipitated from saturated siliceous solutions under low temperatures."