Four Treasures Reference Database
Record No. 27587
Middle and late Byzantine sigillographic evidence from western Anatolia: Eighth- to early twelfth-century lead seals from Bergama (ancient Pergamon)
Journal Article
Lafli, E., Seibt, W. and Çağlayan, D. (2021) Middle and late Byzantine sigillographic evidence from western Anatolia: Eighth- to early twelfth-century lead seals from Bergama (ancient Pergamon). Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, Vol. 46, No. 1, April, pp. 41–63.
gems, glyptic, engraved gems, agate, cameo, intaglio, archaeogemology, archaeology, Museum of Bergama, Late Byzantine, amulet
This article presents 19 lead seals from the Museum of Bergama (ancient Pergamon), dating from the early eighth to the early twelfth century. We offer a descriptive catalogue of these Middle and Late Byzantine seals preserved in a western Turkish museum. The owners of these seals were primarily ecclesiastical, legal or military dignitaries who were probably active in Pergamon, in southwestern Mysia, Aeolis or Lydia. The catalogue is followed by an appendix on a Byzantine magical amulet.