gems, Arabic mineralogy, Ibn Sina, Avicenna, pseudo-Aristotle, early lapidaries

This article examines the relationship between the Arabic–Latin transmission of Aristotle’s natural philosophy and Avicenna’s [Ibn Sina's] De mineralibus. It identifies Aristotle’s Meteorologica as a source underlying Avicenna’s work, drawing attention to an Arabic version known to Avicenna that survives only incompletely. The study contributes to understanding how ancient theories were transmitted and reworked in medieval mineralogical writing, and how textual comparison can recover connections obscured by the surviving manuscript tradition.