gems, early lapidaries, Marbode, Middle Ages, Medieval

Sinkankas: Generally regarded as the most authoritative and useful edition, due to the notes on previous editions and the citations of several versions of the poem. Schuh: Marbode, whose true name was de Marboeuf," received his early education at Angers. After teaching some time at the cathedral school of Angers, he was put at the head of the educational system of the city and Diocese of Anvers in 1067. Later he became archdeacon and in 1096 Urban II appointed him Bishop of Rennes. In his youth he indulged in many excesses, but from the time he became bishop his life was without reproach. In 1104 he was present at the Council of Tours, and in 1109 he was made administrator of the Diocese of Angers. At the age of eighty-eight he resigned his diocese and withdrew to the Benedictine monastery of St. Aubin at Angers where he died soon after. Of the 1799 edition, Schuh said: Scarce. Edited by Johann Beckmann. Regarded as the most authoritative and useful early edition because of the inclusion of notes and citations from previous editions, including those of Pictorius and Alaard."