corundum, ruby, Afghanistan.12, gems, glyptic, engraved gems, coins, Bactria, Central Asia

Discusses an engraved gem and coins illustrated in the preceding plate, together with another engraved gem formerly belonging to Edward Conolly. Torrens examines their inscriptions, devices, and stylistic features in an attempt to determine their attribution and historical context, comparing them with other coins and engraved stones from Afghanistan and neighboring regions. The paper contributes to the early study of Bactrian and related Central Asian glyptic and numismatic material collected during nineteenth-century exploration of Afghanistan.