corundum, synthetic corundum.7, Kashan, gems

Describes the Kashan synthetic rubies produced by the flux-growth process and examines the features by which they may be distinguished from natural ruby. The material shows the color and general appearance of fine natural ruby, making recognition potentially difficult without careful examination. Particular attention is given to characteristic internal features associated with flux growth, including residual flux and distinctive growth structures, and to their value in separating the synthetic stones from natural corundum. The article emphasizes the gemological importance of recognizing these diagnostic inclusions as flux-grown synthetic rubies became commercially available. One of the first references to Kashan synthetic rubies