gems, inclusions, beryl, emerald, Australia, Norway

The second installment of Schwarz’s systematic study of the chemical properties of emeralds from different geographic sources, dealing with material from Australia and Norway. Norwegian specimens are from Eidsvoll near Lake Mjøsa, while the Australian material represents several occurrences, including Pilangoora, Wodgina, Calvert White Quartz Hill, Warda Warra, Melville, Torrington, Emmaville and Menzies. Chemical analyses are used to compare major and trace-element compositions and to evaluate variations among deposits and against previously studied Brazilian emeralds. Schwarz notes, among other distinctions, generally lower magnesium contents than in Brazilian material. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of chemical composition, considered together with gemological properties, for characterizing emeralds and assessing their geographic origin.