corundum, quality.10, gems

Panczer and colleagues re-examine the celebrated Talisman of Charlemagne, combining historical research with modern gemological investigation to clarify the history, materials, and possible provenance of this important Carolingian jewel. The study discusses the talisman’s traditional association with Charlemagne, its subsequent history and transmission, and the uncertainties surrounding its original function and contents. Detailed examination of the gemstones and construction provides new information on the nature and characteristics of the central stone and surrounding gems, while comparison with historical sources and related objects helps reassess earlier interpretations of the jewel. By integrating gemology with documentary and art-historical evidence, the authors refine the understanding of the talisman’s chronology and history and illustrate how scientific examination can contribute to the study of an exceptional medieval jeweled object.