Ruby & Sapphire Bibliography

First Published: 25 September 2026

Ruby & Sapphire Bibliography

Explore books, articles and historical sources on ruby, sapphire and corundum in Four Treasures, the Lotus Gemology reference database. This bibliography brings together matching records from the collection, with publication details, abstracts and cover images where available.

Ruby & Sapphire References

The list below matches the terms ruby, rubies, sapphire or corundum in the database's searchable fields. Some references discuss these gems as part of a broader subject. Linked titles take you to external links where you may find the full reference.

4,281–4,300 of 4,678 matching references

Diffusion-treated synthetic star detected

Journal Article

Anonymous (1992) Diffusion-treated synthetic star detected. Jewellery News Asia, No. 97, pp. 184.

Record No. 2973 | seen

Determination of the Monghsu Stone Tract

Newspaper Article

Working People’s Daily (1992) Determination of the Monghsu Stone Tract. Working People’s Daily, 18-Jul, Rangoon, Burma

Record No. 1889 | not seen

Mran ma patta mr a [Burma rubies]

Burma rubies

Book

Nan San, U. (1992) Mran ma patta mr a [Burma rubies]. In Burmese, Mrok Ukkala Muri nay [Rangoon], Chan Thvan Ca pe; Phran Khyi, Gyi Gyi E Kumpani, 87 pp. + plates

Record No. 1328 | Sinkankas/Born No.: NIS/NIB | not seen

Opportunities at hand

Newspaper Article

Aye, M.M. (1992) Opportunities at hand. Working People’s Daily, Sept. 26, Rangoon, Burma, p. 5.

Record No. 396 | not seen

Press conference dealing with demarcation of Monghsu stone tract held

Newspaper Article

Anonymous (1992) Press conference dealing with demarcation of Monghsu stone tract held. Working People’s Daily, 18-Jul, Rangoon, Burma, pp. 6, 12.

Record No. 365 | not seen

Diffusion sapphires: Where do they go?

Journal Article

Anonymous (1992) Diffusion sapphires: Where do they go? Jewellery News Asia, No. 89,, January p. 1, 5 pp..

Record No. 364 | not seen

Identificación de gemas sintéticas fabricadas por fusión a la llama (método Verneuil)

Identification of synthetic gemstones made by flame fusion (Verneuil method).

Journal Article

Kammerling, R.C., Koivula, J.I. and Weldon, R. (1991) Identificación de gemas sintéticas fabricadas por fusión a la llama (método Verneuil). [Identification of synthetic gemstones made by flame fusion (Verneuil method).] Boletin del Instituto Gemologico Español, Vol. 33, diciembre, pp. 32–37.

Record No. 7650 | Sinkankas/Born No.: NIS/NIB | Language: in Spanish | seen

Describes the Verneuil flame-fusion process and the diagnostic features used to identify gemstones produced by it. Particular attention is given to microscopic inclusions and absorption spectra, with illustrations showing characteristic features of flame-fusion synthetics. The article explains how evidence resulting from the growth process can distinguish these laboratory-grown materials from their natural counterparts and provides practical criteria for routine gemological identification. A contemporary Journal of Gemmology abstract specifically confirms this emphasis on the Verneuil process, inclusions and absorption spectra.

Geology and igneous rocks of the Yogo sapphire deposit, Little Belt Mountains, Montana

Book Section

Dahy, J.P. (1991) Geology and igneous rocks of the Yogo sapphire deposit, Little Belt Mountains, Montana. In: Guidebook of the Central Montana Alkalic Province: Geology, Ore Deposits and Origin, Missoula, MT: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Special Publication 100 , pp. 45–54.

Record No. 7633 | Sinkankas/Born No.: NIS/NIB | not seen

Vietnamese ruby

Journal Article

Brown, G. and Chill, B. (1991) Vietnamese ruby. Wahroongai News, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 3–4.

Record No. 7622 | not seen

Bo-bwar ah-mway-ah-hnit Myanmar ah-pho-tan yadana myar [Precious stones, the heritage from our forefathers, etc.]

Precious stones, the heritage from our forefathers, etc.

Newspaper Article

Sithu Aung (1991) Bo-bwar ah-mway-ah-hnit Myanmar ah-pho-tan yadana myar [Precious stones, the heritage from our forefathers, etc.]. Loke-thar-pyi-thu [Working People's Daily], 8 October, Rangoon

Record No. 2576 | Language: in Burmese | not seen

Important Indian Jewellery

Catalog

Sotheby's (1991) Important Indian Jewellery. Geneva: Sotheby's, 20 November

Record No. 2558 | not seen

SLORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung inspects world’s largest sapphire

Newspaper Article

Working People’s Daily (1991) SLORC Chairman Senior General Saw Maung inspects world’s largest sapphire. Working People’s Daily, 5-Feb, Rangoon

Record No. 1888 | seen

Why the Vietnamese reds are giving us the blues

Journal Article

Weldon, R. (1991) Why the Vietnamese reds are giving us the blues. Jewelers’ Circular-Keystone, Vol. 162, No. 5, pp. 46–48.

Record No. 1838 | not seen

Beware of deception on Vietnamese rubies

Journal Article

Weidinger, W.A. (1991) Beware of deception on Vietnamese rubies. Jewelers’ Circular-Keystone, Vol. 162, No. 7, p. 92.

Record No. 1835 | not seen

Ratana mre Mui kut Mrui Phon to u Bhu ra samuin

History of Buddhist temples in Mogok

Book

Uttaranana, A.R. (1991) Ratana mre Mui kut Mrui Phon to u Bhu ra samuin. [History of Buddhist temples in Mogok], Veda Ca be, 129 pp.

Record No. 1753 | Sinkankas/Born No.: NIS/NIB | Language: in Burmese | not seen

A Burmese-language history of the Buddhist temples, monasteries and pagodas of Mogok, the celebrated ruby-mining district of Upper Myanmar. The work records local religious foundations and traditions and thus provides material for the social and cultural history of the Mogok region in addition to its explicitly Buddhist subject. Because temples and religious institutions were closely integrated with local communities, such a work can also provide useful background for understanding the historical development of settlements in the ruby-mining district.

Occurrence of Primary Ruby Deposits in the Mogok Stone Tract

Thesis

Nyan Thin (1991) Occurrence of Primary Ruby Deposits in the Mogok Stone Tract., Mawlamyine, Myanmar: University of Mawlamyine

Record No. 1717 | not seen

The seven types of yellow sapphire and the proposed Ponahlo test

Journal Article

Nassau, K. (1991) The seven types of yellow sapphire and the proposed Ponahlo test. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gemmologischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 247–251.

Record No. 1347 | not seen

Colorless to yellow to intense orange sapphire displays markedly different reactions to light and heat depending on the material’s nature and the origin of its color, and the authors identified seven distinct types of “yellow” sapphire currently found on the market, each differing in color origin and light stability: type 1—natural, light-stable color center; type 2—natural or irradiation-induced, fading color center; type 3—iron-containing, unheated, light stable; type 4—iron-containing, heated, light stable; type 5—surface-diffused additive, light stable; type 6—synthetic, light stable; and type 7—synthetic irradiated, fading. Through examination of over 150 yellow sapphire samples, the authors confirmed the classification and documented the various responses of each type to light, heat, and irradiation. A particularly unexpected discovery was that type 1 material can fade when heated even below 200 °C, although its color is restored upon exposure to light.

Vietnam, Laos & Cambodia

Book

Lonely Planet (1991) Vietnam, Laos & Cambodia. South Yarra, Australia, Lonely Planet Publications

Record No. 1198 | Sinkankas/Born No.: NIS/NIB | seen

Inclusion of the Month: Native element inclusions

Journal Article

Koivula, J.I. (1991) Inclusion of the Month: Native element inclusions. Lapidary Journal, Vol. 44, No. 11, February, p. 48.

Record No. 1123 | seen

Ruby Deposits in Marbles (Using the Urals as an Example)

Кисин, А.Ю. Месторождения рубинов в мраморах (на примере Урала)

Book

Kissin, A.J. (1991) Ruby Deposits in Marbles (Using the Urals as an Example). [Кисин, А.Ю. Месторождения рубинов в мраморах (на примере Урала)] Sverdlovsk, Ural Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 130 pp.

Record No. 1100 | Sinkankas/Born No.: NIS/NIB | Language: in Russian | not seen

A monographic study of ruby deposits hosted by marble in the Urals, based on Kissin’s investigations of ruby mineralization in the Middle and Southern Urals. The work examines the geological setting, mineralogy and genesis of ruby-bearing marbles, including occurrences in the Kochkar and Murzinka–Adui metamorphic complexes. Particular attention is given to the structural and metamorphic controls on ruby formation and to criteria useful in prospecting for similar deposits. Later work by Kissin and colleagues notes that the field investigations summarized in this monograph had identified ruby and sapphire mineralization along an approximately 600-km belt of the Urals by 1990.

Exploring the Literature of Corundum

Ruby and sapphire research spans mineralogy, gem deposits, identification, treatments, synthesis and the history of the gem trade. Older publications can also be useful for tracing terminology, early observations and accounts of mining localities. Publication dates and the original source should be considered when using historical descriptions.

For an introduction to collecting books on this subject, read Ruby & Sapphire Books: Collecting the Literature of Corundum.

About Four Treasures

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