Ruby & Sapphire Bibliography

First Published: 25 September 2026

Ruby & Sapphire Bibliography

Explore books, articles and historical sources on ruby, sapphire and corundum in Four Treasures, the Lotus Gemology reference database. This bibliography brings together matching records from the collection, with publication details, abstracts and cover images where available.

Ruby & Sapphire References

The list below matches the terms ruby, rubies, sapphire or corundum in the database's searchable fields. Some references discuss these gems as part of a broader subject. Linked titles take you to external links where you may find the full reference.

4,481–4,500 of 4,678 matching references

Rare and royal rubies

Journal Article

Birmingham, N.T. (1968 (1980?)) Rare and royal rubies. Town and Country, June, p. 168 (pp. 117–119?).

Record No. 7876 | not seen

A brief popular account devoted to notable rubies associated with royalty and celebrated historical collections. The title suggests discussion of famous stones, their ownership, provenance, and the legends or historical events connected with them.

Geological mapping in the sapphire mines area, Sumjam and in the parts of Bhutna and upper Chenab valleys, Padar area, Doda district, Jammu and Kashmir state

Unpublished Work

Parimoo, M.L. and Raina, B.K. (1968) Geological mapping in the sapphire mines area, Sumjam and in the parts of Bhutna and upper Chenab valleys, Padar area, Doda district, Jammu and Kashmir state. unpublished report.

Record No. 7695 | not seen

Black star corundum

Journal Article

Peterson, H. (1968) Black star corundum. Rocks & Minerals, Vol. 43, pp. 492–493.

Record No. 1420 | not seen

Peterson discusses black star corundum, a dark variety of corundum that displays asterism when cut en cabochon. The article describes the appearance and gemological characteristics of the material and the inclusions responsible for the star effect, produced by oriented needle-like inclusions that reflect light along crystallographically controlled directions. It considers the relationship between the dark body color, inclusions, and visibility of the star, as well as the orientation required in cutting to display the phenomenon effectively. The brief account provides a practical description of black star corundum and the optical phenomenon responsible for its distinctive appearance.

Effects of gamma-irradiation on the characteristics of a ruby laser

Journal Article

Johnson, V. and Grow, R. (1967) Effects of gamma-irradiation on the characteristics of a ruby laser. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1–7.

Record No. 7177 | DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JQE.1967.1074364 | not seen

An increase in the absorption cross section responsible for optical pumping of a ruby laser occurs as a result of γ-irradiation. As single crystal ruby is irradiated with Co⁶⁰ γ-rays, the usual absorption bands which exist between 200 and 550 mμ change from four distinct bands to one continuous absorption band. Similar work on sapphire, the host crystal for ruby, indicates that the majority of this increased absorption is experienced by the Cr³⁺ ion in ruby. Thermoluminescence data are presented showing that electron traps with activation energies of about 0.64 and 0.78 eV are formed in ruby as a result of γ-irradiation. These traps remain in the crystal until it is annealed at about 800 °C. It is found that the threshold energy for laser action increases in relation to the amount of irradiation. This effect is also manifested as a decrease in the luminescence of the R₁ line after γ-irradiation. A model has been devised to explain the changes in Cr³⁺ ions due to γ-irradiation and to show how this affects laser action. Theoretical curves are presented indicating how the energy output vs. energy input varies with the amount of γ-irradiation. These data show a definite increase in threshold energy, and at higher pump energies they suggest the possibility of higher efficiencies than possible before irradiation. These theoretical results are supported by experimental data.

Zircon stability and the ZrO₂–SiO₂ phase diagram

Journal Article

Butterman, W.C. and Foster, W.R. (1967) Zircon stability and the ZrO₂–SiO₂ phase diagram. American Mineralogist, Vol. 52, No. 5/6, pp. 880–885.

Record No. 5508 | not seen

The compound ZrSiO₄ makes up 98 percent or more, by weight, of the mineral zircon. In view of the petrological and technological importance of this mineral, accurate information on the thermal stability of ZrSiO₄ is highly desirable. Yet even in the most recent studies there is no general agreement as to the temperature or the manner of breakdown of ZrSiO₄. Table 1 lists the stability data of various investigators.

Konbaungset Maha-ya-zawin-daw-gyi [Chronicle of the Konbaung Dynasty]

Chronicle of the Konbaung Dynasty

Book

Maung Maung Tin, U. (1967) Konbaungset Maha-ya-zawin-daw-gyi [Chronicle of the Konbaung Dynasty]. Rangoon, Laitimantaing Press, 3 Vols.

Record No. 2575 | not seen

Bancroft’s star sapphire

Journal Article

Petch, H.E. (1967) Bancroft’s star sapphire. Rocks & Minerals, Vol. 42, pp. 563–566.

Record No. 1419 | not seen

Report on the geological investigation of Amphoe Wang Chin, Amphoe Bo Kaew, Amphoe Den Chai, Prae Province

Report

Charoenpravat, A. (1967–68) Report on the geological investigation of Amphoe Wang Chin, Amphoe Bo Kaew, Amphoe Den Chai, Prae Province. [in Thai], Dept. of Mineral Resources, Bangkok,

Record No. 498 | ISBN/ISSN: No. 47Q/DB23–24 | not seen

Gem mining in Ceylon

Journal Article

Siedle, L.C. (1966–1967) Gem mining in Ceylon. Australian Gemmologist, Nov., pp. 5–8; February, pp. 10–12.

Record No. 1595 | not seen

Gems of Ceylon

Book

Jayawardena, S.A.S. (1966) Gems of Ceylon. Colombo, Ministry of Finance, Ceylon, 48 pp.

Record No. 1052 | not seen

Mogok: Rubinernes Dal

Mogok: The valley of rubies

Ruby and sapphire research spans mineralogy, gem deposits, identification, treatments, synthesis and the history of the gem trade. Older publications can also be useful for tracing terminology, early observations and accounts of mining localities. Publication dates and the original source should be considered when using historical descriptions.

For an introduction to collecting books on this subject, read Ruby & Sapphire Books: Collecting the Literature of Corundum.

About Four Treasures

Four Treasures is Lotus Gemology's freely accessible gemological reference database. Use the full database to search by author, title or keyword and explore literature on gemology, mineralogy, jewelry and related fields. Where available, hyperlinks on titles may lead directly to the full publication.

Search the Complete Four Treasures Database