Explore books, articles and historical sources on ruby, sapphire and corundum in Four Treasures, the Lotus Gemology reference database. This bibliography brings together matching records from the collection, with publication details, abstracts and cover images where available.
Ruby & Sapphire References
The list below matches the terms ruby, rubies, sapphire or corundum in the database's searchable fields. Some references discuss these gems as part of a broader subject. Linked titles take you to external links where you may find the full reference.
101–120 of 4,678 matching references
Death of the Thai ruby
Journal Article
Hughes, R.W. (1997) Death of the Thai ruby.Cornerstone, Summer, pp. 1, 3–6.
Record No. 2370 | RWHL*
Reference copied to clipboard!
corundum, Thailand.12, gems
This article discusses the rapid depletion of Thailand’s ruby sources, contrasting this with countries like Sri Lanka… It is always hard to argue to the disenfranchised about morals, ethics and environmental problems. Such is doubly true in the Third World, where the impact of any actions seems petty relative to an immediate need. For impoverished residents, consequences stretch only as far as the lip of the nearest rice bowl. To most on this planet, the world is indeed limitless, if only because they have seen so little of it. Like goldfish trapped in a bowl of someone else's making, their glass bubble is the world. Rare glimpses of the fringes beyond only reinforce their impression that they are but ants, grain by grain moving an unfathomable mass. Similar to children, they comprehend only the immediate – that which they can touch – the rest is both physically and intellectually out of reach. But just where does the Third World end and the First World begin? And who stands betwixt the two? In every Third-World nation there are those who understand only too well the true complexion of the earth, its texture, its shape, its very finiteness and fragility. Thus it is not to prostitutes that the present column is directed, but to their pimps, those who trade virtue for coin, knowing full well that the consequences of their actions have severe negative effects on others.
Ruby & Sapphire is widely acknowledged as one of the finest gemology books ever published. Not just an update of his previous volumes on ruby and sapphire, it represents something rarely seen in a technical book, a fusion of accurate science and spirited, accessible prose. Within its pages, one finds information on prices, quality analysis, sources, history, treatments and identification. Featuring over 300 color photos and 2500 references, this now out-of-print volume is today highly sought after by collectors and gemologists, who pay as much as $1000 or more for the privilege of owning a copy.
Hughes, R.W. and Galibert, O. (1996) Les sapphires de Montana [part 1]. [The sapphires of Montana [part 1]]Revue de Gemmologie A.F.G., No. 128, pp. 4–6.
It is always hard to argue to the disenfranchised about morals, ethics and environmental problems. Such is doubly true in the Third World, where the impact of any actions seems petty relative to an immediate need. For impoverished residents, consequences stretch only as far as the lip of the nearest rice bowl. To most on this planet, the world is indeed limitless, if only because they have seen so little of it. Like goldfish trapped in a bowl of someone else's making, their glass bubble is the world. Rare glimpses of the fringes beyond only reinforce their impression that they are but ants, grain by grain moving an unfathomable mass. Similar to children, they comprehend only the immediate – that which they can touch – the rest is both physically and intellectually out of reach. But just where does the Third World end and the First World begin? And who stands betwixt the two? In every Third-World nation there are those who understand only too well the true complexion of the earth, its texture, its shape, its very finiteness and fragility. Thus it is not to prostitutes that the present column is directed, but to their pimps, those who trade virtue for coin, knowing full well that the consequences of their actions have severe negative effects on others.
Ruby and sapphire from Laos
Journal Article
Hughes, R.W. (1996) Ruby and sapphire from Laos.JewelSiam, Vol. 1, No. 1, Feb–March, pp. 36–37.
Record No. 2364 | ISBN/ISSN: 8581843 | RWHL
Reference copied to clipboard!
corundum, Laos.12, gems
History and description of Laos’ sapphire mines at Ban Huay Xai.
Rubies and sapphires of the People's Republic of China
Journal Article
Hughes, R.W. and Galibert, O. (1995) Rubis et saphirs de République Populaire de Chine. [Rubies and sapphires of the People's Republic of China]Revue de Gemmologie A.F.G., No. 125, December, pp. 5–8.
Record No. 5928 | Language: in French | RWHL
Reference copied to clipboard!
gems, corundum, China.12
China is one of the largest countries in the world, with a rich cultural and scientific tradition. Yet for non-Chinese, until recently little was known of her mineral resources. A brief survey of China's ruby and sapphire deposits is given and an eyewitness account of one of the most important of China's sapphire deposits – Penglai, Hainan Island, – is described.
Hughes, R.W. and Win, U.H. (1995) Burmese sapphire giants.Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 24, No. 8, October, pp. 551–561.
Record No. 5102 | ISBN/ISSN: 221252 | RWHL*
Reference copied to clipboard!
corundum, quality.10, Burma.12, gems
The Mogok area of Myanmar (Burma) has long been noted for producing some of the world's finest blue sapphires. Burmese sapphire mining is reviewed, along with some of the most important blue sapphires from Burma, particularly those of large size. Mention is also made of some giant corundum crystals from other localities. The article contains sections based upon eyewitness accounts and discussions with some of Mogok's long-time gem dealers.
Chinese ruby and sapphire: A brief history
Journal Article
Galibert, O. and Hughes, R.W. (1995) Chinese ruby and sapphire: A brief history.Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 24, No. 7, July, pp. 467–473.
Record No. 5095 | ISBN/ISSN: 221252 | RWHL
Reference copied to clipboard!
corundum, China.12, gems
China is one of the largest countries in the world, with a rich cultural and scientific tradition. Yet for non-Chinese, until recently little was known of her mineral resources. A brief survey of China's ruby and sapphire deposits is given and an eyewitness account of one of the most important of China's sapphire deposits – Penglai, Hainan Island, – is described.
Montana’s Big Sky Sapphires
Journal Article
Hughes, R.W. (1995) Montana’s Big Sky Sapphires.JewelSiam, Vol. 6, No. 4–5, Aug–Sept, pp. 83–88; Oct–Nov, pp. 51–54.
Record No. 2363 | ISBN/ISSN: 8581843 | RWHL
Reference copied to clipboard!
R.W. Hughes, corundum, USA.12, Montana.12, gems
History and description of Montana’s sapphire mines at Yogo Gulch, the Missouri River, Dry Cottonwood Creek and Rock Creek.
Letter to the Editor [on Verneuil process]
on Verneuil process
Journal Article
Hughes, R.W. (1995) Letter to the Editor [on Verneuil process].Canadian Gemmologist, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 59–60.
Record No. 2362 | ISBN/ISSN: 2267446 | RWHL
Reference copied to clipboard!
corundum, synthetic corundum.7, gems
Letter commenting on certain details of the Verneuil (flame fusion) process for growing synthetic corundum, specifically how Verneuil solved the problem of fracturing by starting the growth of the crystal from the tip of a sinter cone.
The article gives a brief history of corundum heat treatment, from ancient times until the appearance of heat-treated Sri Lankan geuda sapphires in the late 1970s. While there are specific reports mentioning corundum heat treatment dating back almost 1000 years, these involved low temperatures. High-temperature heat treatment of corundum is largely a product of the 20th century, and was probably discovered during experiments on the reconstructed ruby known as the ‘Geneva ruby’. Heat treatment of Anakie sapphire to improve clarity was reported as early as 1916.
Devil’s Advocate: Connoisseur’s guide to famous rubies
Journal Article
Hughes, R.W. (1995) Devil’s Advocate: Connoisseur’s guide to famous rubies.JewelSiam, Vol. 6, No. 3, June–July, pp. 44–51.
Record No. 2360 | ISBN/ISSN: 8581843 | RWHL*
Reference copied to clipboard!
corundum, quality.10, gems
This article details the most famous rubies and spinels found throughout history.
The rubies and spinels of Afghanistan: A brief history
Journal Article
Hughes, R.W. (1994) The rubies and spinels of Afghanistan: A brief history.Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 24, No. 4, October, pp. 256–267.
While ruby is one of the most important gems, in the twentieth century little has been written about one of the premier sources of antiquity— Afghanistan. The following article is divided into two parts. The first describes the history of Afghanistan's ruby/spinel deposits. Important mines are located near Jagdalek and Gharan (Badakhshan). The latter is believed to be the original source of the balas ruby (spinel); many of the most famous spinels, such as the Timur Ruby and Black Prince's Ruby, possibly originated there. The second part deals with the gemmological characteristics of Jagdalek rubies.
Hughes, R.W. (1994) The name game.Australian Gemologist, Vol. 18, No. 10, May, pp. 311–315.
Record No. 2357 | RWHL
Reference copied to clipboard!
nomenclature, RW Hughes, gems
Sometimes it seems that wisdom in the gem business is in short supply. Take a two-carat Thai ruby of good quality. Say it sells for $5000. In contrast, the garnet of identical appearance sells for about $10. The difference? As far as the consumer is concerned, it's the name. With gems, the name is so important. Thus you could be forgiven if you think that this industry has an airtight method for determining just what those names are. Such is not the case. Gemology has made tremendous strides over the past century; Kunz, Bauer, Anderson, Webster, Sinkankas, Eppler, Shipley, Gübelin, Koivula and others have given us much, but the area of nomenclature remains untouched.
Bottling up the treatment genie
Journal Article
Hughes, R.W. (1993) Bottling up the treatment genie.Thailand Jewellery Review, Vol. 6, No. 3, March, pp. 130–132.
Record No. 2356 | RWHL
Reference copied to clipboard!
corundum, Thailand.12, Cambodia.12, gems
A discussion of how, if full treatment disclosure was not enacted by the gem trade, natural gems would be in danger of extinction.
I beg to differ… A reply to the question of UN sanctions against Cambodia and Thailand’s past role in Southeast Asia
Journal Article
Hughes, R.W. (1993) I beg to differ… A reply to the question of UN sanctions against Cambodia and Thailand’s past role in Southeast Asia.Thailand Jewellery Review, Vol. 6, No. 3, March, pp. 199–202.
Record No. 2355 | RWHL
Reference copied to clipboard!
corundum, Thailand.12, Cambodia.12, gems
The embargo still looms
Journal Article
Hughes, R.W. (1992) The embargo still looms.Thailand Jewellery Review, Vol. 5, No. 12, pp. 28–29.
Record No. 2354 | RWHL
Reference copied to clipboard!
corundum, ruby, Vietnam.12, gems
Discussing how the US used sanctions on Vietnam for their invasion of Cambodia (which removed the murderous Khmer Rouge) to effectively punish that country for winning a war two decades before.
Ruby and sapphire research spans mineralogy, gem deposits, identification, treatments, synthesis and the history of the gem trade. Older publications can also be useful for tracing terminology, early observations and accounts of mining localities. Publication dates and the original source should be considered when using historical descriptions.
Four Treasures is Lotus Gemology's freely accessible gemological reference database. Use the full database to search by author, title or keyword and explore literature on gemology, mineralogy, jewelry and related fields. Where available, hyperlinks on titles may lead directly to the full publication.