Sapphire Inclusions
Explore sapphire inclusions in Hyperion, the Lotus Gemology inclusion database. Hyperion contains photomicrographs of inclusions and internal features in natural sapphire, documented with information on geographic origin, treatment, lighting conditions, field of view, photographer and published references.
A blocky zircon crystal in a pink sapphire from Madagascar’s Ilakaka region.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1705-1
A single twin plane stands out in brilliant contrast when examined between crossed polars in this star sapphire from Sri Lanka.
Natural Star Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field + Crossed Polars
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1698-3
Otherworldly birefringent crystals float above a twin plane in a sapphire from Sri Lanka.
Natural Star Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field + Crossed Polars
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1698-2
Otherworldly birefringent crystals float above a twin plane in a sapphire from Sri Lanka.
Natural Star Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field + Crossed Polars
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1698-1
Balloons on a string. Unusual crystals of what may be apatite with attached growth tube strings in a purple star sapphire from Sri Lanka.
Natural Star Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Transmitted
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1692-2
Unusual crystals of what may be apatite with attached growth tubes in a purple star sapphire from Sri Lanka.
Natural Star Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Transmitted
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1692-1
This sapphire crystal from Burma’s Mogok Stone Tract featured extremely large negative crystals with mobile carbon dioxide bubbles. These inclusions would rupture if heated, and so are proof of natural, untreated origin.
Natural Sapphire •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1484-5
Internal diffusion is visible in this heat-treated blue sapphire from Sri Lanka.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1469-1
Koivula, J.I. (1987) Internal diffusion. Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 20, No. 7/8, pp. 474–477; RWHL*.
This sapphire crystal from Burma’s Mogok Stone Tract featured extremely large negative crystals with mobile carbon dioxide bubbles. These inclusions would rupture if heated, and so are proof of natural, untreated origin.
Natural Sapphire •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Light Field + Oblique Fiber Optic
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1484-4
This sapphire crystal from Burma’s Mogok Stone Tract featured extremely large negative crystals with mobile carbon dioxide bubbles. These inclusions would rupture if heated, and so are proof of natural, untreated origin.
Natural Sapphire •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Light Field + Oblique Fiber Optic
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1484-3
This sapphire crystal from Burma’s Mogok Stone Tract featured extremely large negative crystals with mobile carbon dioxide bubbles. These inclusions would rupture if heated, and so are proof of natural, untreated origin.
Natural Sapphire •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Light Field + Oblique Fiber Optic
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1484-2
This sapphire crystal from Burma’s Mogok Stone Tract featured extremely large negative crystals with mobile carbon dioxide bubbles. These inclusions would rupture if heated, and so are proof of natural, untreated origin.
Natural Sapphire •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field (Transmitted Light)
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-1484-1
Search the Complete Hyperion Database
Sapphire inclusions may include mineral crystals, rutile silk, healed fissures, fluid inclusions, negative crystals, color zoning and other features formed during or after crystal growth. Such features are important to gemologists because they can provide evidence useful in identifying sapphire, understanding its geological history, recognizing treatment and, in some cases, determining geographic origin.
Sapphire Inclusion Photomicrographs
The Hyperion sapphire gallery includes microscopic features found in sapphires from major deposits around the world. Each entry is accompanied by descriptive information and, where available, references to the gemological literature.
What Inclusions Can Reveal About Sapphire
Inclusions are an important part of sapphire identification. Their form, composition, orientation and alteration can help gemologists distinguish natural sapphire from synthetic material, recognize evidence of heat treatment, and study the geological environment in which the sapphire formed.
Hyperion combines inclusion photomicrography with supporting gemological information so that individual features can be compared with documented examples from known sapphire deposits.
About Hyperion
Hyperion is the Lotus Gemology searchable inclusion database. It allows users to browse gemstone inclusions by gem type, geographic origin, treatment and keyword.
