Sapphire Inclusions
Explore sapphire inclusions in Hyperion, the Lotus Gemology inclusion database. Hyperion contains photomicrographs of inclusions and internal features in natural sapphire, documented with information on geographic origin, treatment, lighting conditions, field of view, photographer and published references.
This hot pink sapphire from Vietnam’s Luc Yen district contained small birefringent crystals with tiny embedded green crystal inclusions.
Natural Sapphire •
Vietnam •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-3095-1
Red fluorescence from red color zones, along with one unusual zone of yellow fluorescence in a blue sapphire from Sri Lanka.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-3024-2
Red fluorescence off of unusual red color zones in a blue sapphire from Sri Lanka.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-3024-1
This iridescent discoid around a melted crystal demonstrates that this sapphire has been heat treated.
Natural Sapphire •
Nigeria •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-2821-1
“Crop circles” in a heated sapphire from Sri Lanka. These types of inclusions have been associated with, but are not limited to, beryllium-treated blue sapphires.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Light Field + Oblique Fiber Optic
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-2726-1
Fingerprints betray the underlying atomic symmetry. In this case, this iridescent fingerprint lies along a prism face, as demonstrated by its rectilinear form.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-2736-1
Roedder, E. (1962) Ancient fluids in crystals. Scientific American, Vol. 207, pp. 38–47; RWHL*.
Like balloons on a string, these unusual crystals of what may be apatite with attached growth tubes, along with a negative crystal, enrich the interior of this purple star sapphire from Sri Lanka.
Natural Star Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Transmitted
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-2729-1
Melted crystals with frozen gas bubbles litter the interior of this heated sapphire from Mambilla, Nigeria.
Natural Sapphire •
Nigeria •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Transmitted
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-2689-1
Exsolved rutile silk is one of the classic inclusions found in Mogok sapphires.
Natural Sapphire •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Diffuse Overhead
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-2642-2
Exsolved rutile silk opens a window into the heart of this unheated Mogok sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Myanmar (Burma); Mogok •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Diffuse Overhead
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-2642-1
Well-formed negative crystals are a common feature of unheated sapphires from Sri Lanka. These will frequently contain CO2 bubbles.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Transmitted
Photographer:
Richard W. Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-2630-1
Rounded crystal of what is probably apatite rised above a fissure in this ruby from Vietnam’s Luc Yen region.
Natural Sapphire •
Vietnam •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
Wimon Manorotkul •
Image Number:
R-001-2632-1
Search the Complete Hyperion Database
Sapphire inclusions may include mineral crystals, rutile silk, healed fissures, fluid inclusions, negative crystals, color zoning and other features formed during or after crystal growth. Such features are important to gemologists because they can provide evidence useful in identifying sapphire, understanding its geological history, recognizing treatment and, in some cases, determining geographic origin.
Sapphire Inclusion Photomicrographs
The Hyperion sapphire gallery includes microscopic features found in sapphires from major deposits around the world. Each entry is accompanied by descriptive information and, where available, references to the gemological literature.
What Inclusions Can Reveal About Sapphire
Inclusions are an important part of sapphire identification. Their form, composition, orientation and alteration can help gemologists distinguish natural sapphire from synthetic material, recognize evidence of heat treatment, and study the geological environment in which the sapphire formed.
Hyperion combines inclusion photomicrography with supporting gemological information so that individual features can be compared with documented examples from known sapphire deposits.
About Hyperion
Hyperion is the Lotus Gemology searchable inclusion database. It allows users to browse gemstone inclusions by gem type, geographic origin, treatment and keyword.
