Emerald Bibliography

First Published: 28 September 2026

Emerald Bibliography

Explore books, articles and historical sources on emerald in Four Treasures, the Lotus Gemology reference database. This bibliography brings together matching records from the collection, with publication details, abstracts and cover images where available.

Emerald References

The list below matches the terms emerald or emeralds in the database's searchable fields. Some references discuss emeralds as part of a broader subject.

781–800 of 848 matching references

Gem pegmatites of the Ural Mountains, Russia

Gem pegmatites of the Ural Mountains, Russia

Lyckberg, P. and Zagorsky, V.Y. (2000)

Journal Article · Source: Mineralogical Record · Volume: Vol. 31 · Issue: No. 2 · Pages: pp. 177–183

Abstract
The northern section of the central Ural Mountains of Russia includes notable miarolitic pegmatites carrying beryl, topaz and tourmaline in the western endo and exocontact of the Mursinka-Adui intrusions and the desilicated pegmatites surrounded by emerald-alexandrite-phenakite mineralization. Fine blue topaz with smoky quartz and albite is found at the Mokrusha, Golodnij, Tyazhitnitza, Staraja Mylnitsa, Starzewa Jama and Kazionnitsa mines. Gem-bearing pegmatites NW of Mursinka are enclosed in a serpentine and contain miaroles with coloured tourmaline: pegmatites to the W and SW contain green and yellow beryl and yellow or light blue topaz. The Sarapulka and Shaitanka pegmatites are thin veins with rubellite and rhodizite in the W and green and blue aquamarine in the E. Large amounts of emerald, alexandrite and phenakite have been produced since 1830 from the Takovaja district schists. Specimens recently discovered include combinations of phenakite/emerald and alexandrite/emerald. The southern Ural region centred on Miass in the Ilmen Mountains produced clear topaz crystals up to 3-4 kg and uncommon green beryl associated in miarolitic pegmatites with amazonite.
Keywords
gems, pegmatites, Urals, Russia, beryl, topaz, tourmaline, feldspar, emerald, alexandrite, phenakite intergrowth

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Neue Edelsteinvorkommen

Neue Edelsteinvorkommen

New gem deposits

Henn, U. and Milisenda, C. (1998)

Journal Article · Source: Uhren Juwelen Schmuck · Pages: pp. 51–53 · Language: German

Abstract
Tanzania emerged as a great producer of colored gemstones in the second half of this century. Most of the important localities (e.g., Longido, Lake Manyara, Merelani, and Umba) are in the northern part of the country; they produce a great variety of gems, the most impor-tant being tanzanite, corundum (ruby and fancy-color sapphires), garnet (particularly rhodolite and tsavorite), tourmaline, emerald, alexandrite, spinel, and quartz. Diamonds are mined from the Mwadui kimberlite pipe, also in the north. Historically, gemstone occurrences in the south have been rare.. In 1994, however, large and rich gem deposits were found in southern Tanzania in the vicinity of Tunduru, about 80 km north of the border with Mozambique. An estimated 80,000 “illegals” have been working the alluvial deposits in the vicinity of the Muhuwesi and Mtetesi Rivers, mostly by primitive methods. Although the primary sources of the gem minerals have not been found, the fact that some crystals are only slightly rounded indicates short transport distances. This article discusses the history of the discovery and the development of gemstone trade in this area, the geologic setting of the deposits (in the Proterozoic Ubendian-Usagaran System of metamorphic rocks), and the most important gem materials found to date. These include blue and fancy-color sapphires, ruby, many colors of spinel, garnet (rhodolite, hessonite, and color-change), and chrysoberyl (cat’s-eye and alexandrite).PB
Keywords
corundum, sources.12, Tanzania.12, gems

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Emerald mineralization and metasomatism of amphibolite, Khaltaro granitic pegmatite-hydrothermal vein system, Haramosh Mountains, northern Pakistan

Emerald mineralization and metasomatism of amphibolite, Khaltaro granitic pegmatite-hydrothermal vein system, Haramosh Mountains, northern Pakistan

Laurs, B.M., Dilles, J.H. and Snee, L.W. (1996)

Journal Article · Source: Canadian Mineralogist · Volume: Vol. 34 · Issue: No. 6, December · Pages: pp. 1253–1286

Abstract
Emerald mineralization is found within 0.1- to 1-m-thick hydrothermal veins and granitic pegmatites cutting amphibolite within the Nanga Parbat-Haramosh massif, in northern Pakistan. The amphibolite forms a sill-like body within garnet-mica schist, and both are part of a regional layered gneiss unit of Proterozoic (?) age. The 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data for muscovite from a pegmatite yield a plateau age of 9.13+ or -0.04 Ma. Muscovite from mica schist and hornblende from amphibolite yield disturbed spectra with interpreted ages of 9 to 10 Ma and more than 225 Ma, respectively, which indicate that peak Tertiary metamorphism reached 325 to 550 degrees C prior to 10 Ma. Pegmatites were emplaced after peak metamorphism during this interval and are older than pegmatites farther south in the massif. At Khaltaro, simply zoned albite-rich miarolitic pegmatites and hydrothermal veins containing various proportions of quartz, albite, tourmaline, muscovite, and beryl are associated with a 1- to 3-m-thick heterogeneous leucogranite sill, that is locally albitized. The pegmatites likely crystallized at 650 to 600 degrees C at pressures of less than 2 kbar. Crystals of emerald form within thin (0.20, 0.54-0.89 wt%), to pale blue beryl (< or =0.07, 0.10-0.63%), to colorless beryl (
Keywords
gems, beryl, aquamarine, morganite, inclusions, Pakistan

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Subsidios para o estudo comércio das pedras preciosas em Lisboa, no século XVI

Subsidios para o estudo comércio das pedras preciosas em Lisboa, no século XVI

Contributions to the study of the trade of precious stones in Lisbon in the 16th Century

Silva, N.V.e. (1989)

Journal Article · Source: Boletim Cultural da Assembleia Distrital de Lisboa · Issue: No. 91 · Language: in Portuguese

Abstract
Silva examines the trade in precious stones in sixteenth-century Lisbon, when Portuguese maritime expansion made the city a major European entrepôt for gems arriving from India and other parts of Asia. Drawing on contemporary documentary sources, he discusses the importation, valuation and sale of diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, pearls and other precious materials, together with the merchants, jewelers and lapidaries involved in their distribution. The influx of eastern gems attracted foreign lapidaries to Lisbon and contributed to the development of a specialized gem and jewelry trade. The study also considers commercial practices, including the packaging and valuation of shipments and the role of foreign banking and mercantile houses, placing the gemstone trade within the broader economic consequences of Portuguese expansion in the Indian Ocean. Later work by Silva developed the subject in English as “The Portuguese Gem Trade in the Sixteenth Century” (Jewellery Studies, No. 6, 1993, pp. 19–28).
Keywords
corundum, history, India.12, gems, Indian lapidary

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Nach dem Hydrothermalverfahren hergestellte synthetische Smaragde aus der UdSSR

Nach dem Hydrothermalverfahren hergestellte synthetische Smaragde aus der UdSSR

Hydrothermally grown emeralds from the USSR

Lind, T.H., Henn, Ulrich and Bank, Hermann (1987)

Journal Article · Source: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gemmologischen Gesellschaft · Volume: Vol. 36 · Pages: pp. 51–60 · Language: In German

Abstract
Lind, Henn and Bank examine 50 hydrothermally grown synthetic emeralds produced in the USSR, describing their gemological properties and diagnostic features. The material has SG 2.68–2.70, refractive indices nω 1.578–1.584 and nε 1.571–1.581, and birefringence 0.005–0.008. Microscopic characteristics include conspicuous zonal growth structures and growth tubes extending from black hexagonal platelets. The authors supplement conventional gemological testing with absorption spectroscopy and chemical analysis, including X-ray fluorescence and electron-microprobe methods, to characterize the material and provide criteria for distinguishing these Soviet hydrothermal synthetics from natural emeralds.
Keywords
beryl, synthetic beryl, emerald, USSR, gems

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La tradition manuscrite du Liber lapidum de Marbode de Rennes d'après les manuscrits conservés en France

Herrera, M.E. (1986)

Thesis · Source: Études latines · Publisher: Paris IV Sorbonne · Volume: PhD thesis · Pages: 718 pp.

Abstract
This thesis begins by an introduction which contains, the life of Marbode of Rennes, something about the history of lapidaries, above all of Latin lapidaries, and explains the contents of the liber lapidum. In the second chapter, the author enumerates the medieval translations of the book into eleven languages and describes the editions of the Latin text. The chapter ends with a list of the manuscripts of the liber lapidum kept outside of France and with a description of the history and of the contents of the manuscripts kept in France. In the third chapter, we have the classification into six families of the manuscripts kept in France. The thesis ends with a supplement containing two chapters of the critical edition that the author will publish in the future: the prologue and chapter vi on the emerald with a French translation. At the end we find a bibliography and an index of the manuscripts cited in the thesis.
Keywords
gems, early lapidaries, early gemology, early mineralogy, Marbode of Rennes

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Hydrothermally-grown beryls of gem quality

Lebedev, A.S., Il'in, A.G. and Klyakhin, V.A. (1986)

Book Section · Source: Morphology and phase equilibria of minerals. Proceedings of the 13th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association, Varna 1982 · Volume: Vol. 2 · Pages: pp. 403–411

Keywords
beryl, synthetic beryl, emerald, gems

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Exploring the Literature of Emerald

Emerald literature spans gemology, mineralogy, deposits, identification, treatments, synthesis, history and the gem trade, with important sources covering deposits around the world.

For a curated guide to this subject, read Green Fire — Lotus Gemology's Guide to the Literature of Emerald.

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