Sapphire Inclusions
Explore sapphire inclusions in Hyperion, the Lotus Gemology inclusion database. Hyperion contains photomicrographs of inclusions and internal features in natural sapphire, documented with information on geographic origin, treatment, lighting conditions, field of view, photographer and published references.
Irregular crystals of what may be feldspar in a sapphire from Madagascar.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
Patharaphum Sudprasert •
Image Number:
A-001-7868-2
Graphite crystals within negative crystal in an unheated Ceylon padparadscha.
Natural Padparadscha Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Oblique
Photographer:
Patharaphum Sudprasert •
Image Number:
A-001-7853-1
Unusual zone of strong chalky fluorescence in unheated Ceylon sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Short Wave
Photographer:
Patharaphum Sudprasert •
Image Number:
A-001-7800-1
These melted snowball crystals with glassy discoids provide evidence of heat treatment in this Sri Lanka sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Diffuse Oblique
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-7683-2
These melted snowball crystals with glassy discoids provide evidence of heat treatment in this Sri Lanka sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Diffuse Oblique
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-7683-1
Zoned chalky green superficial fluorescence in Madagascar sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Short Wave
Photographer:
Patharaphum Sudprasert •
Image Number:
A-001-7100-2
Zoned chalky green superficial fluorescence in Madagascar sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Ultraviolet: Short Wave
Photographer:
Patharaphum Sudprasert •
Image Number:
A-001-7100-1
A frozen gas bubble shines in a negative crystal in this heated basaltic sapphire. When illuminated from some angles, there is a visible fissure surrounding the crystal, providing further evidence of heat treatment.
Natural Sapphire •
Nigeria •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Diffuse Oblique
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-7505-6
A frozen gas bubble shines in a negative crystal in this heated basaltic sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Nigeria •
Enhancements:
Heat (H) •
Lighting Conditions:
Fiber Optic: Transmitted
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-7505-5
This lattice diffusion treated, heated sapphire shows blue color concentrations along the facet edges when immersed in diiodomethane.
Natural Sapphire •
No Origin •
Enhancements:
Heat + Diffusion of external coloring agents (H-D) •
Lighting Conditions:
Diffuse Light Field + Immersion
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-7474-1
Fingerprint (viewed perpendicular to the fingerprint plane) in an unheated Madagascar sapphire.
Natural Sapphire •
Madagascar •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-7435-2
A tiny black uraninite crystal appears to flutter across this untreated sapphire from Sri Lanka.
Natural Sapphire •
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) •
Enhancements:
None Detected (None) •
Lighting Conditions:
Dark Field + Diffuse Fiber Optic
Photographer:
E. Billie Hughes •
Image Number:
A-001-7349-3
Search the Complete Hyperion Database
Sapphire inclusions may include mineral crystals, rutile silk, healed fissures, fluid inclusions, negative crystals, color zoning and other features formed during or after crystal growth. Such features are important to gemologists because they can provide evidence useful in identifying sapphire, understanding its geological history, recognizing treatment and, in some cases, determining geographic origin.
Sapphire Inclusion Photomicrographs
The Hyperion sapphire gallery includes microscopic features found in sapphires from major deposits around the world. Each entry is accompanied by descriptive information and, where available, references to the gemological literature.
What Inclusions Can Reveal About Sapphire
Inclusions are an important part of sapphire identification. Their form, composition, orientation and alteration can help gemologists distinguish natural sapphire from synthetic material, recognize evidence of heat treatment, and study the geological environment in which the sapphire formed.
Hyperion combines inclusion photomicrography with supporting gemological information so that individual features can be compared with documented examples from known sapphire deposits.
About Hyperion
Hyperion is the Lotus Gemology searchable inclusion database. It allows users to browse gemstone inclusions by gem type, geographic origin, treatment and keyword.
